Vitti M, Basmajian J V
Anat Rec. 1977 Feb;187(2):173-89. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091870205.
In 29 normal persons with complete dental arches, the muscular activity of the temporalis, masseter, medical pterygoid, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles was studied electromyographically with bipolar fine wire electrodes during various mandibular movements--both resisted and unresisted. Action potentials were recorded on FM magnetic tape and each experiment was also videotaped. Temporalis muscle was active during centric closing of the jaw with either contact of the teeth, or against resistance; during free lateral movements to the ipsilateral side, either against resistance or occlusal contact; during incisor gum chewing, molar gum chewing on ipsilateral or contralateral sides, during normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion. Activity occurred in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles during the following movements; closing the jaw slowly either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact and against resistance; free lateral movement to contralateral side, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction of the jaw either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact; swallowing either saliva or water; incisor gum chewing with either the ipsilateral or contralateral molars; normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion. Activity occurred in the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles during the following movements; opening of the jaw either slowly or maximally against resistance; closing the jaw against resistance; free lateral movement to ipsilateral and contralateral sides, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction against resistance of the jaw either without or with occlusal contact; swallowing saliva and water; and protraction of the tongue. They work in antagonism (reciprocally) during gum chewing and normal mastication.
在29名牙弓完整的正常人中，使用双极细丝电极通过肌电图研究了颞肌、咬肌、翼内肌、二腹肌前腹、下颌舌骨肌和颏舌骨肌在各种下颌运动（包括抵抗性和非抵抗性运动）过程中的肌肉活动。动作电位记录在调频磁带上，每个实验也进行了录像。在下颌正中闭合时，无论牙齿是否接触或对抗阻力，颞肌均有活动；在向同侧的自由侧方运动时，无论对抗阻力还是咬合接触；在切牙龈咀嚼、同侧或对侧磨牙龈咀嚼、正常咀嚼以及用力正中咬合时，颞肌均有活动。在以下运动过程中，咬肌和翼内肌有活动：缓慢闭口，无论有无咬合接触或对抗阻力；向对侧的自由侧方运动，无论对抗阻力还是咬合接触；下颌前伸，无论有无咬合接触；吞咽唾液或水；用同侧或对侧磨牙进行切牙龈咀嚼；正常咀嚼；以及用力正中咬合。在以下运动过程中，二腹肌、下颌舌骨肌和颏舌骨肌有活动：缓慢或最大程度地对抗阻力张口；对抗阻力闭口；向同侧和对侧的自由侧方运动，无论对抗阻力还是咬合接触；下颌前伸，无论有无咬合接触并对抗阻力；吞咽唾液和水；以及伸舌。在牙龈咀嚼和正常咀嚼过程中，它们相互拮抗工作。
