Autologous transplant for CML revisited.

A chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-like disease can be induced in mice by infecting hematopoietic stem cells with a BCR/ABL-containing retrovirus; serial transplantation produces either normal or leukemic animals. In many patients with CML, autografting produces transient Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negativity, but Ph-negative hematopoiesis is prolonged in some cases. These and other observations suggest that at diagnosis, CML patients may have substantial numbers of normal stem cells in their marrow, which may in certain circumstances regain a proliferative advantage if leukemic hematopoiesis can be suppressed by intensive chemotherapy. Thus autografting may have the capacity to restore normal hematopoiesis for long periods in patients not eligible for treatment by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.