McMaster S B
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460.
Toxicol Lett. 1993 May;68(1-2):225-30. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90133-i.
For decades, cancer has been the primary toxicological endpoint used in the assessment of hazard and risk. Regulatory decisions related to the manufacture, transport, and use of a chemical are often based solely on cancer data. Federal policy is now shifting toward more frequent evaluation and application of alternative endpoints of toxicity. Among the endpoints of particular current interest are developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Significant progress has been made in the development of standardized guidelines for testing chemicals for their potential effects on these endpoints. Corresponding guidelines for the assessment of risk on the basis of data on these endpoints are in various stages of development.
几十年来，癌症一直是评估危害和风险时使用的主要毒理学终点。与化学品的制造、运输和使用相关的监管决策往往仅基于癌症数据。联邦政策现在正转向更频繁地评估和应用替代性毒性终点。当前特别受关注的终点包括发育毒性、生殖毒性和神经毒性。在制定用于测试化学品对这些终点潜在影响的标准化指南方面已经取得了重大进展。基于这些终点数据进行风险评估的相应指南正处于不同的制定阶段。
