Czarnetzki B M, Grabbe J, Kolde G, Krüger-Krasagakes S, Welker P, Zuberbier T
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, Frei Universität Berlin, Germany.
Exp Dermatol. 1995 Aug;4(4 Pt 2):221-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00249.x.
The basic understanding of mast cell ontogeny and function has been fundamentally changed in recent years with observations that the cells produce and respond to a broad range of cytokines. These rapidly accruing data and their potential significance were discussed at the recent symposium "Mast Cells in the Cytokine Network", and the overview lectures of most speakers are summarized in this special journal issue. In the present introductory manuscript, the organizers of the meeting discuss data fundamental to an understanding of the topic and highlight aspects of special interest. They consider mast cells to be defined most reliably by their unique ultrastructure since the cells are highly heterogeneous in dependence of the species studied, their tissue location, their stage of development and probably also in relation to cytokines. Most other characteristics of mast cells are shared with diverse other cell types. Murine mast cell development is induced by several cytokines. These factors are mostly ineffective in human cells except for stem cell factor which causes mast cell development from CD34+/c-kit+ progenitors. There is however recent evidence that fibroblasts and keratinocytes produce additional growth factors for human mast cells. Regarding cytokine secretion, most molecules known so far are produced by both murine and human mast cells. The cells furthermore bear receptors for several cytokines, enabling them to respond in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Mast cells may thus function within a complex cytokine network, affecting physiological as well as immunological and inflammatory processes.
近年来，随着对肥大细胞个体发生和功能的基本认识发生了根本性的改变，人们观察到这些细胞能产生并对多种细胞因子作出反应。在最近召开的“细胞因子网络中的肥大细胞”研讨会上，对这些迅速积累的数据及其潜在意义进行了讨论，本期特刊总结了大多数演讲者的综述讲座内容。在这篇引言性稿件中，会议组织者讨论了理解该主题的基础数据，并强调了特别有趣的方面。他们认为，由于肥大细胞在所研究的物种、组织位置、发育阶段以及可能与细胞因子的关系方面具有高度异质性，因此最可靠的定义是依据其独特的超微结构。肥大细胞的大多数其他特征与多种其他细胞类型相同。小鼠肥大细胞的发育由多种细胞因子诱导。除了干细胞因子能使CD34+/c-kit+祖细胞发育为肥大细胞外，这些因子对人类细胞大多无效。然而，最近有证据表明，成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞能产生人类肥大细胞的其他生长因子。关于细胞因子的分泌，目前已知的大多数分子由小鼠和人类肥大细胞共同产生。此外，这些细胞还带有多种细胞因子的受体，使其能够以自分泌和旁分泌的方式作出反应。肥大细胞可能因此在复杂的细胞因子网络中发挥作用，影响生理以及免疫和炎症过程。
