Clementsen P, Larsen F O, Milman N, Skov P S, Norn S
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
APMIS. 1995 Nov;103(11):806-12.
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Branhamella catarrhalis (B. catarrhalis) are often found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. Earlier studies have shown that bacteria induce mediator release from human basophils and parenchymal lung mast cells. In this study the capability of bacteria to trigger or potentiate histamine release from superficially located mast cells in the airway epithelium was studied in cell suspensions obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB). In approximately half of the patients H. influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were found to trigger histamine release, whereas no response was obtained by S. pneumoniae or B. catarrhalis. The mediator release was caused by a non-IgE-dependent mechanism. At lower concentrations of H. influenzae causing no histamine release the bacterium was found to enhance IgE-mediated histamine release triggered by anti-IgE antibody. The synergy was more pronounced in patients with CB than in controls. Since H. influenzae is found in the lower respiratory tract of the patients but not in normal individuals, the infection here may via histamine release lead to harmful effects on the airways of importance for precipitation and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
流感嗜血杆菌（H. influenzae）、肺炎链球菌（S. pneumoniae）和卡他布兰汉菌（B. catarrhalis）常存在于慢性支气管炎患者的下呼吸道。早期研究表明，这些细菌可诱导人嗜碱性粒细胞和肺实质肥大细胞释放介质。在本研究中，通过对慢性支气管炎（CB）患者进行支气管肺泡灌洗获得细胞悬液，研究了这些细菌触发或增强气道上皮表面肥大细胞释放组胺的能力。在大约一半的患者中，发现流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）可触发组胺释放，而肺炎链球菌或卡他布兰汉菌则无反应。介质释放是由非IgE依赖机制引起的。在较低浓度的流感嗜血杆菌未引起组胺释放时，发现该细菌可增强抗IgE抗体触发的IgE介导的组胺释放。这种协同作用在CB患者中比在对照组中更明显。由于流感嗜血杆菌存在于患者的下呼吸道而非正常人中，此处的感染可能通过组胺释放对气道产生有害影响，这对于慢性支气管炎的诱发和加重具有重要意义。
