Berkowitz J M
Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA.
J Med Ethics. 1995 Oct;21(5):298-304. doi: 10.1136/jme.21.5.298.
Infertility affects 15 per cent of the world's couples. Research at Edinburgh University has been directed at transplanting fetal ovarian tissue into infertile women, thus enabling them to bear children. Fetal ovary transplantation (FOT) has generated substantial controversy; in fact, one ethicist deemed the procedure 'so grotesque as to be unbelievable' (1). Some have suggested that fetal eggs may harbour unknown chromosomal abnormalities: however, there is no evidence that these eggs possess a higher incidence of genetic anomaly than ova found in a healthy adult female. There is also concern that fetal egg children will be psychologically harmed by the knowledge of their special conceptual status. It will be demonstrated that special conceptual status in and of itself does not determine developmental success. Rather, psychological well-being is dependent upon how the family and child cope with the unique challenges inherent in FOT. Lastly, though considering FOT a legitimate method of family building, given the global population crisis the wisdom of procreational rights will be challenged. Inherent to this challenge is a re-evaluation of the treatment of infertility as a significant disease necessitating remedy.
不孕症影响着全球15%的夫妇。爱丁堡大学的研究致力于将胎儿卵巢组织移植到不孕女性体内,从而使她们能够生育孩子。胎儿卵巢移植(FOT)引发了巨大的争议;事实上,一位伦理学家认为该手术“如此怪异以至于令人难以置信”(1)。一些人认为胎儿卵子可能存在未知的染色体异常:然而,没有证据表明这些卵子比健康成年女性的卵子有更高的遗传异常发生率。也有人担心,胎儿卵子孕育的孩子会因其特殊的受孕状态而在心理上受到伤害。事实将证明,特殊的受孕状态本身并不能决定发育是否成功。相反,心理健康取决于家庭和孩子如何应对胎儿卵巢移植所固有的独特挑战。最后,尽管将胎儿卵巢移植视为一种合理的组建家庭的方法,但鉴于全球人口危机,生育权利的合理性将受到挑战。这一挑战的核心是重新评估将不孕症视为一种需要治疗的重大疾病的观点。