Korman T M, Grayson M L
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria.
Aust Fam Physician. 1995 Dec;24(12):2205-11.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common conditions in clinical practice. For uncomplicated UTIs, the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are generally predictable, and empiric short course (3 day) antibiotic therapy after an abbreviated laboratory workup is advocated. Acute pyelonephritis requires a 2 week antibiotic course, often with initial parenteral therapy. Women with frequent recurrences of UTIs may require intermittent self-treatment or continuous or postcoital antibiotic prophylaxis. Catheter-associated UTIs generally only require treatment if the patient shows signs of systemic infection. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is only recommended in certain circumstances. Careful consideration of the clinical circumstances, the patient's known or predicted urinary tract anatomy, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial pathogen(s) are critical factors in the choice of appropriate therapy for urinary tract infections.
尿路感染（UTIs）是临床实践中的常见病症。对于非复杂性尿路感染，致病微生物及其抗菌药敏谱通常是可预测的，提倡在进行简化的实验室检查后进行经验性短程（3天）抗生素治疗。急性肾盂肾炎需要2周的抗生素疗程，通常初始采用胃肠外给药治疗。尿路感染频繁复发的女性可能需要间歇性自我治疗或持续性或性交后抗生素预防。导管相关性尿路感染通常仅在患者出现全身感染迹象时才需要治疗。无症状菌尿仅在某些情况下才建议治疗。仔细考虑临床情况、患者已知或预测的尿路解剖结构以及细菌病原体的抗生素敏感性，是选择尿路感染合适治疗方法的关键因素。
