Richart R M
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
Cancer. 1995 Nov 15;76(10 Suppl):1919-27. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19951115)76:10+<1919::aid-cncr2820761308>3.0.co;2-9.
Screening for cervical cancer and its precursors has traditionally been performed by Papanicolaou smear. As cost considerations have become more important and as developing countries have begun to initiate screening programs, other approaches to screening have been considered.
Proposed new methods potentially useful for screening for cervical cancer and its precursors were reviewed.
Cervical cancer screening using unaided or aided visual approaches, human papillomavirus DNA testing and typing, cervical photography, and automated Pap smear screening instruments are all potentially valuable when used alone or in combination, depending on the country.
New techniques will make it possible to screen high risk, low-income populations for cervical cancer and its precursors and to do so more cost-effectively than is possible using conventional Western approaches. In addition, the latest technology can enhance the screening methods traditionally used in industrialized countries and can increase the positive and negative predictive value of the screening method.
传统上，宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查是通过巴氏涂片检查来进行的。随着成本因素变得愈发重要，以及发展中国家开始启动筛查项目，人们开始考虑其他筛查方法。
对可能有助于宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查的新方法进行了综述。
根据不同国家的情况，单独或联合使用借助或不借助辅助设备的肉眼观察法、人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测及分型、宫颈摄影以及自动巴氏涂片筛查仪器进行宫颈癌筛查均具有潜在价值。
新技术将使对高危低收入人群进行宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查成为可能，而且比使用传统西方方法更具成本效益。此外，最新技术能够改进工业化国家传统上使用的筛查方法，并提高筛查方法的阳性和阴性预测值。
