Ruthruff E
NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1996 Jan;58(1):56-64. doi: 10.3758/bf03205475.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs. According to the deadline model, participants in speeded-response tasks terminate stimulus discrimination as soon as it has run to completion or as soon as a predetermined time deadline has arrived, whichever comes first. Speed is traded for accuracy by varying the time deadlines; short deadlines yield fast but sometimes inaccurate responses, whereas long deadlines allow for slow, accurate responses. A new prediction of this model, based on a comparison of reaction time distributions, was derived and tested in experiments involving the joint manipulation of speed stress and stimulus discriminability. Clear violations of this prediction were observed when participants made relative brightness judgments (Experiment 1) and when they made lexical decisions (Experiment 2), rejecting both the deadline model and the fast-guess model. Several alternative models for speed-accuracy tradeoffs, including random-walk and accumulator models, are compatible with the results.
进行了两项实验以评估速度 - 准确性权衡的期限模型。根据期限模型，在快速反应任务中，参与者一旦刺激辨别完成或预定时间期限到达，就会终止刺激辨别，以先到者为准。通过改变时间期限来权衡速度和准确性；短期限会产生快速但有时不准确的反应，而长期限则允许缓慢、准确的反应。基于反应时间分布的比较，该模型的一个新预测被推导出来，并在涉及速度压力和刺激可辨别性联合操纵的实验中进行了测试。当参与者进行相对亮度判断时（实验1）以及进行词汇判断时（实验2），均观察到明显违反该预测的情况，从而否定了期限模型和快速猜测模型。速度 - 准确性权衡的几种替代模型，包括随机游走模型和累加器模型，与实验结果相符。
