Misdraji J, Nguyen P L
Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston 02114, USA.
Postgrad Med. 1996 Jul;100(1):173-6, 181-2, 185-8 passim. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1996.07.15.
Although routine urinalysis is common, the results are important in management of only certain diseases. Screening urinalysis to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria is recommended in adults 60 years of age or older, diabetic patients of any age, pregnant women, and adolescents. A positive result for protein on dipstick urinalysis should be evaluated in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory data (eg, the patient's age, physical findings, renal function, results of microscopic urinalysis). Evaluation of hematuria should always include dipstick analysis and microscopic examination of urine. Diabetes screening is best done with measurement of plasma glucose levels. Other available urinalysis tests include measurement of pH, specific gravity, ketones, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. In patients with renal or urinary tract disease, microscopic examination of urinary sediment is important.
虽然常规尿液分析很常见，但结果仅对某些疾病的管理具有重要意义。建议对60岁及以上的成年人、任何年龄的糖尿病患者、孕妇和青少年进行筛查性尿液分析以检测无症状菌尿。尿试纸条尿液分析中蛋白质呈阳性结果时，应结合其他临床和实验室数据（如患者年龄、体格检查结果、肾功能、尿液显微镜检查结果）进行评估。血尿评估应始终包括尿试纸条分析和尿液显微镜检查。糖尿病筛查最好通过测量血浆葡萄糖水平来进行。其他可用的尿液分析测试包括测量pH值、比重、酮体、胆红素和尿胆原。对于患有肾脏或泌尿系统疾病的患者，尿液沉渣的显微镜检查很重要。
