Arslan E, Genovese E
Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, University of Padova, Italy.
Scand Audiol Suppl. 1996;42:35-9.
The problems related with the hearing loss prevalence and deafness rehabilitation in Developing (D) countries are so complex that only basic needs and some suggestions are discussed in this paper. In fact for D countries the main demographic and social indi reveal the enormous gravity of the health situation and so the availability of a hearing aid delivery system is often considered less urgent and secondary to the basic unmet needs of the population. Nevertheless we think this concept may be applied to the adult, but for the child with a preverbal deafness it must deserve immediate attention in order to prevent a very serious handicap limiting all his life. Schematically the three types of handicaps developed by a child with a preverbal hearing loss are presented and discussed. The essential assumption, however, for any hearing aid program in D countries is the creation in loco of competent personnel for the prescription, for fitting and checking the aids. If D countries are to achieve this objective, industrialized countries must begin to transfer technology and training to develop pilote centers.
发展中国家与听力损失患病率及耳聋康复相关的问题极为复杂，本文仅讨论基本需求及一些建议。事实上，对于发展中国家而言，主要的人口统计学和社会指标揭示了健康状况的巨大严重性，因此，与民众未得到满足的基本需求相比，听力辅助设备供应系统的可用性往往被认为不那么紧迫且处于次要地位。然而，我们认为这一概念可能适用于成年人，但对于语前聋儿童，必须立即予以关注，以防止出现严重限制其一生的残疾。本文简要介绍并讨论了语前听力损失儿童所出现的三种残疾类型。然而，对于发展中国家的任何听力辅助项目而言，关键前提是在当地培养能够进行听力辅助设备处方、适配及检查的专业人员。如果发展中国家要实现这一目标，工业化国家必须开始转让技术并提供培训，以建立试点中心。
