Praxis methodology: action research without a group.

Critical action research is a compelling method for nursing research because it offers a sensitive and qualitative way to study change processes in action. Action research is of limited use to nurse researchers because it relies on group participation whereas most nursing work which we may want to research involves one to one relationships with clients. This paper presents a modification of critical action research. It is termed 'Praxis Research' and it is suitable for research projects that aim to empower individuals, rather than groups. The steps in the praxis research process are described as an on-going spiral of practice, self-reflection, scholarly inquiry and theorising which leads to changed practice.