Giannakopoulos X, Gartzios A, Giannakis D, Tsamboulas K, Kotoulas K
Clinique urologique, Université de Ioannina, Grèce.
J Urol (Paris). 1995;101(5-6):221-7.
The ureteral double pigtail stents are versatile and valued for proper urinary drainage in the setting of trauma, fistula formation, after extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and surgical manipulations of the upper urinary tract. Also they are used for prolonged urinary drainage in patients with chronic tumor-induced ureteral obstruction, and present an exceptional patient tolerance. The authors' experience is based upon 54 patients treated for ureteral obstruction of malignant origin between January 1989 and October 1995. Complications of this method as well as the quality of life of these patients are analysed and the results compared with those of the literature. The patient tolerance was excellent. Mean survival time after ureter catheterisation was 18 months. Complete urine diversion was achieved and hydronephrosis disappeared soon after stent placement in 42 patients (80%). In addition hydronephrosis persisted in 12 cases (20%), despite orthotopic positioning of the catheter and numerous stent changes for larger caliber stents. The palliative use of the double pigtail stent when no other treatment is possible for malignant ureteral obstruction, precludes the need for ureterostomy and offers the patient a comfortable quality of life. Bladder disease is a contraindication to the use of these catheters, although their insertion is rarely impossible. In case of acute obstruction, it is better to prepare the pathway with a standard ureteral catheter, which is easier to manage. It is always possible to insert the pigtail stent after some time has elapsed.
输尿管双猪尾支架用途广泛,在创伤、瘘管形成、体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)后以及上尿路手术操作等情况下,对实现恰当的尿液引流很有价值。它们还用于慢性肿瘤引起的输尿管梗阻患者的长期尿液引流,且患者耐受性良好。作者的经验基于1989年1月至1995年10月期间接受治疗的54例恶性输尿管梗阻患者。分析了该方法的并发症以及这些患者的生活质量,并将结果与文献中的结果进行比较。患者耐受性良好。输尿管插管后的平均生存时间为18个月。42例患者(80%)在放置支架后很快实现了完全尿液转流,肾积水消失。此外,尽管导管原位放置且多次更换为更大口径的支架,但仍有12例(20%)患者肾积水持续存在。当恶性输尿管梗阻无法进行其他治疗时,双猪尾支架的姑息性使用避免了输尿管造口术的需要,并为患者提供了舒适的生活质量。膀胱疾病是使用这些导管的禁忌证,不过很少无法插入。在急性梗阻的情况下,最好先用标准输尿管导管准备通路,这种导管更易于操作。过一段时间后总是可以插入猪尾支架的。