Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang M
Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang.
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 1995 Oct;18(5):282-4, 317.
By using a modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique, we detected K-ras codon 12 mutation in 102 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from surgical samples of lung cancer patients. The X2 test was used to determine the statistical significance of difference, according to the presence or absence of mutation in codon 12 of K-ras oncogene. We found 25 cases (24%) positive for mutation of K-ras 12 codon. Mutation occurred in 6 of the 40 cases (15%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 18 of 37 adenocarcinoma cases (49%), 1 of 2 adenosquamous cases, 0 of 1 carcinoid patient, but no K-ras activation was found in small cell carcinoma (0/22) cases. Analysis of the clinical and pathological features of 37 adenocarcinoma cases showed no apparent associations between the K-ras codon 12 mutation and sex, disease stage, tumor size (T), metastatic status (M) and the degree of differentiation (all P values greater than 0.05), but the nodes (N) of K-ras-positive adenocarcinoma tended to be more than the K-ras-negative ones (P < 0.01). From 26 male cases of adenocarcinoma mutation in codon 12 of K-ras occur more frequently in adenocarcinoma from smokers than non-smokers (P < 0.05), suggesting that smoking is an important factor in the induction of the mutation. Among 37 adenocarcinoma cases, only 25 cases can be traced the recurrence rate in 1-year. The 1-year recurrence rates were 85% (11/13) in K-ras mutational patients, more than 25% (3/12) in K-ras negative ones (P < 0.01), whereas there was no relationship between recurrence and differentiation in these 25 cases. The findings suggest the K-ras gene mutation may be one of the prognostic markers for human lung adenocarcinoma.
通过使用改良的聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）技术，我们检测了102例来自肺癌患者手术样本的福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织中的K-ras密码子12突变。根据K-ras癌基因密码子12是否存在突变，采用X2检验来确定差异的统计学意义。我们发现25例（24%）K-ras 12密码子突变呈阳性。40例鳞状细胞癌中有6例（15%）发生突变，37例腺癌中有18例（49%）发生突变，2例腺鳞癌中有1例发生突变，1例类癌患者未发生K-ras激活（0/22），小细胞癌病例中未发现K-ras激活（0/22）。对37例腺癌病例的临床和病理特征分析显示，K-ras密码子12突变与性别、疾病分期、肿瘤大小（T）、转移状态（M）和分化程度之间均无明显关联（所有P值均大于0.05），但K-ras阳性腺癌的淋巴结（N）往往多于K-ras阴性腺癌（P<0.01）。在26例男性腺癌病例中，K-ras密码子12突变在吸烟患者的腺癌中比不吸烟患者更频繁发生（P<0.05），表明吸烟是诱导该突变的重要因素。在37例腺癌病例中，只有25例可追踪到一年的复发率。K-ras突变患者的1年复发率为85%（11/13），高于K-ras阴性患者的25%（3/12）（P<0.01），而在这25例病例中复发与分化之间无相关性。这些发现提示K-ras基因突变可能是人类肺腺癌的预后标志物之一。
