Roche A M, Eccleston P, Sanson-Fisher R
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;25(3):251-8. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0054.
Medical practitioners have considerable untapped potential to assist patients in stopping smoking. However, marked deficits have been found in the amount and type of training medical practitioners receive in smoking cessation counseling with little attention paid to determination of effective training methods.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the relative effectiveness of four different educational programs in teaching smoking cessation skills to 5th-year medical students in an Australian medical school. The four programs comprised: (a) a traditional didactic lecture mode (control group), (b) audio feedback through the use of audiotaped role plays, (c) role plays with peer feedback, and (d) video feedback. Students' smoking cessation intervention skills were assessed prior to training and at the end of term via videotaped interviews with simulated patients.
Senior medical students demonstrated significantly improved skills in smoking intervention when exposed to any of the educational approaches other than traditional didactic teaching. No overall differences in smoking intervention skills were found between the three experimental training methods.
Specific training in smoking cessation techniques is necessary to increase the intervention skills of medical students. Traditional teaching methods are ineffective in developing smoking cessation intervention skills. Enhanced teaching, of an appropriate nature, at undergraduate and postgraduate levels is needed.
医学从业者在帮助患者戒烟方面有相当大的未开发潜力。然而，已发现医学从业者在戒烟咨询方面接受的培训数量和类型存在明显不足，很少有人关注有效培训方法的确定。
进行了一项随机对照试验，以检验四种不同教育项目在向澳大利亚一所医学院的五年级医学生传授戒烟技能方面的相对有效性。这四个项目包括：（a）传统的讲授式讲座模式（对照组），（b）通过使用录音角色扮演进行音频反馈，（c）有同伴反馈的角色扮演，以及（d）视频反馈。在培训前和学期末，通过与模拟患者的录像访谈评估学生的戒烟干预技能。
与传统讲授式教学相比，高级医学生在接触任何一种教育方法后，吸烟干预技能都有显著提高。三种实验性培训方法在吸烟干预技能方面未发现总体差异。
戒烟技术的特定培训对于提高医学生的干预技能是必要的。传统教学方法在培养戒烟干预技能方面无效。本科和研究生阶段需要进行适当的强化教学。
