Gassner C, Schmarda A, Nussbaumer W, Schönitzer D
Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunological Department, General Hospital and University Clinics, Innsbruck, Austria.
Blood. 1996 Sep 1;88(5):1852-6.
Serological typing for the classical ABO blood groups is routinely performed using anti-A and anti-B antisera of polyclonal or monoclonal origin, which are able to distinguish four phenotypes (A, B, AB, and O). Modern molecular biology methods offer the possibility of direct ABO genotyping without the need for family investigations. Typing can be done with small amounts of DNA and without detection of blood group molecules on the surface of red blood cells. We developed a system of eight polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to detect specific nucleotide sequence differences between the ABO alleles O1, O2, A1, A2, and B. PCR amplification using sequence-specific primers and detection of amplification products by agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the fastest genotyping methods and is easy to handle. With our method we tested the A1,2BO1,2 genotypes of 300 randomly chosen persons out of a pool of platelet donors and found the results to be consistent with ABO glycosyltransferase phenotypes. We also identified a presumably new ABO allele, which may be the result of a crossing-over event between alleles O1 and A2.
经典ABO血型系统的血清学分型通常使用多克隆或单克隆来源的抗A和抗B抗血清进行，这些抗血清能够区分四种血型（A、B、AB和O）。现代分子生物学方法提供了直接进行ABO基因分型的可能性，而无需进行家系调查。基因分型可以使用少量DNA完成，并且无需检测红细胞表面的血型分子。我们开发了一个由八个聚合酶链反应（PCR）组成的系统，以检测ABO等位基因O1、O2、A1、A2和B之间的特定核苷酸序列差异。使用序列特异性引物进行PCR扩增，并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物，这是最快的基因分型方法之一，且易于操作。我们用我们的方法对一组血小板供体中随机选择的300人进行了A1,2BO1,2基因型检测，发现结果与ABO糖基转移酶表型一致。我们还鉴定出一个可能的新ABO等位基因，它可能是等位基因O1和A2之间发生交叉事件的结果。
