Buzby M
Primary Care Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Nurse Pract Forum. 1996 Mar;7(1):10-5.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are often discussed in the context of herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and AIDS. Viral hepatitis, specifically hepatitis B, is also an STD often omitted from these discussions. The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is variable throughout the world. In North America, the highest incidence occurs in patients who are between the ages of 15 and 25 years. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HBV infection, which has an associated increased risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the carrier state. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a newly identified hepatotrophic virus that may also be sexually transmitted. There are no vaccines for the prevention of HCV infection and the majority of those who are infected become chronic carriers with chronic liver disease. Discussions focused on the prevention of STDs must include counseling for the prevention of HBV and HCV.
性传播疾病（STDs）常常在疱疹、淋病、衣原体感染和艾滋病的背景下被讨论。病毒性肝炎，特别是乙型肝炎，也是这些讨论中常常被遗漏的一种性传播疾病。乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的发病率在世界各地有所不同。在北美，发病率最高的人群是15至25岁的患者。有安全有效的疫苗可用于预防HBV感染，HBV感染在携带者状态下会增加患慢性肝病和肝细胞癌的风险。丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是一种新发现的嗜肝病毒，也可能通过性传播。目前没有预防HCV感染的疫苗，大多数感染者会成为患有慢性肝病的慢性携带者。关于预防性传播疾病的讨论必须包括预防HBV和HCV的咨询。
