Levis R, Cardellichio C B, Scanga C A, Compton S R, Holmes K V
Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;380:337-43. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_55.
Human coronavirus (HCV)-229E causes disease only in humans and grows in human cells and in cells of other species that express recombinant human aminopeptidase N (hAPN), the receptor for HCV-229E. We compared the species specificity of HCV-229E infection with the species specificity of virus binding using immunofluorescence, assay of virus yields, fluorescence activated cell sorting and a monoclonal antibody directed against hAPN that blocks infection. We found that HCV-229E binds to intestinal brush border membranes (BBM) and to membranes of cell lines from cats, dogs, pigs, and humans, however the virus only infects two of these species. HCV-229E will not bind to BBM or to membranes from cell lines derived from hamster or mice. Animal coronaviruses related to HCV-229E, including FIPV, CCV, and TGEV bind to cell membranes from cats, dogs, cows, pigs and humans (but not mice), while each virus infects cells from only a subset of these species. Infectious genomic HCV-229E RNA, can infect cells of all of these species. These data suggest that the species-specificity of infection for this serogroup of coronaviruses is determined at the levels of virus binding and penetration. Since binding of viral spike glycoprotein to cellular receptors is not the only limiting factor, we suggest that one or more steps associated with virus penetration may determine the species specificity of infection with the HCV-229E serogroup of coronaviruses.
人冠状病毒（HCV）-229E仅在人类中引起疾病，在人类细胞以及表达重组人氨肽酶N（hAPN，HCV-229E的受体）的其他物种的细胞中生长。我们使用免疫荧光、病毒产量测定、荧光激活细胞分选以及一种针对hAPN的可阻断感染的单克隆抗体，比较了HCV-229E感染的物种特异性与病毒结合的物种特异性。我们发现HCV-229E可与肠道刷状缘膜（BBM）以及猫、狗、猪和人类的细胞系膜结合，然而该病毒仅感染其中两个物种。HCV-229E不会与仓鼠或小鼠来源的细胞系的BBM或膜结合。与HCV-229E相关的动物冠状病毒，包括猫传染性腹膜炎病毒（FIPV）、犬冠状病毒（CCV）和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV），可与猫、狗、牛、猪和人类（但不包括小鼠）的细胞膜结合，而每种病毒仅感染这些物种中的一部分细胞。具有感染性的HCV-229E基因组RNA可感染所有这些物种的细胞。这些数据表明，该血清型冠状病毒感染的物种特异性是在病毒结合和穿透水平上确定的。由于病毒刺突糖蛋白与细胞受体的结合不是唯一的限制因素，我们认为与病毒穿透相关的一个或多个步骤可能决定了HCV-229E血清型冠状病毒感染的物种特异性。
