Sutko J L, Airey J A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, USA.
Physiol Rev. 1996 Oct;76(4):1027-71. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1996.76.4.1027.
Complexities in calcium signaling in eukaryotic cells require diversity in the proteins involved in generating these signals. In this review, we consider the ryanodine receptor (RyR) family of intracellular calcium release channels. This includes species, tissue, and cellular distributions of the RyRs and mechanisms of activation, deactivation, and inactivation of RyR calcium release events. In addition, as first observed in nonmammalian vertebrate skeletal muscles, it is now clear that more than one RyR isoform is frequently coexpressed within many cell types. How multiple ryanodine receptor release channels are used to generate intracellular calcium transients is unknown. Therefore, a primary focus of this review is why more than one RyR is required for this purpose, particularly in a tissue, such as vertebrate fast-twitch skeletal muscles, where a relatively simple and straightforward change in calcium would appear to be required to elicit contraction. Finally, the roles of the RyR isoforms and the calcium release events they mediate in the development of embryonic skeletal muscle are considered.
真核细胞中钙信号传导的复杂性需要参与产生这些信号的蛋白质具有多样性。在本综述中，我们探讨细胞内钙释放通道的兰尼碱受体（RyR）家族。这包括RyR的种类、组织和细胞分布，以及RyR钙释放事件的激活、失活和去活化机制。此外，正如在非哺乳动物脊椎动物骨骼肌中首次观察到的那样，现在很清楚，在许多细胞类型中，通常会共表达不止一种RyR亚型。多个兰尼碱受体释放通道如何用于产生细胞内钙瞬变尚不清楚。因此，本综述的一个主要重点是为什么为此需要不止一种RyR，特别是在脊椎动物快肌骨骼肌这样的组织中，在该组织中似乎需要相对简单直接的钙变化来引发收缩。最后，我们考虑了RyR亚型及其介导的钙释放事件在胚胎骨骼肌发育中的作用。
