Krusch D A, Klorman R, Brumaghim J T, Fitzpatrick P A, Borgstedt A D, Strauss J
University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Oct;24(5):633-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01670104.
A Sternberg memory search task was administered under placebo and methylphenidate to 42 children with cross-situational attention deficit disorder (ADD), 31 children with cross-situational ADD plus oppositional features, and 25 patients with marginal ADD. Overall, stimulant medication enhanced accuracy and speed. In addition, patients reacted faster on correct responses not preceded by an error than on errors (especially false alarms) or on correct responses following an error. The slowness during error reactions may reflect decreased confidence or confusion during stimulus classification. This uncertainty may also lead subjects to respond with greater caution, hence more slowly, on correct responses following errors. Notably, methylphenidate increased the slowing of reactions on error trials as well as on correct reactions following an error. Stimulant medication may augment subjects' persistence when they are uncertain or confused, thereby heightening caution and promoting accuracy on succeeding trials. Consistent with previous reports of the generality of enhancement of performance by stimulant medication, the impact of methylphenidate was comparable for the three subtypes of ADD studied.
对42名患有跨情境注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）的儿童、31名患有跨情境ADD并伴有对立特征的儿童以及25名边缘性ADD患者，在服用安慰剂和哌甲酯的情况下进行了斯特恩伯格记忆搜索任务。总体而言，兴奋剂药物提高了准确性和速度。此外，患者对之前没有错误的正确反应的反应速度比对错误（尤其是误报）或错误后的正确反应的反应速度更快。错误反应期间的迟缓可能反映出刺激分类过程中信心下降或困惑。这种不确定性也可能导致受试者在错误后的正确反应上更加谨慎，因此反应更慢。值得注意的是，哌甲酯增加了错误试验以及错误后的正确反应的反应迟缓。当受试者不确定或困惑时，兴奋剂药物可能会增强他们的坚持性，从而提高谨慎程度并促进后续试验的准确性。与之前关于兴奋剂药物提高表现的普遍性的报道一致，哌甲酯对所研究的三种ADD亚型的影响相当。
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