Macdonald I A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995 Dec;19 Suppl 7:S2-S7.
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and adrenal medulla are important regulators of many physiological processes, not only concerned with the control of blood pressure, but also of metabolism. It is important to realise that activation of the SNS and adrenal medulla usually occurs selectively, rather than in an all or none manner, and that in some circumstances there can be activation of some tissues/organs and suppression of the SNS supply to others. There is evidence that the SNS affects energy expenditure, with studies in both animals and humans pointing to activation of beta-adrenoceptors as being of major importance. Thus, any alteration in the activity or effectiveness of the SNS or adrenal medulla could affect resting energy expenditure and influence the development of obesity. This review assesses the techniques available for evaluating SNS activity and considers the evidence that SNS activity is reduced in obesity. The possibility that defective SNS stimulation of energy expenditure could be altered pharmacologically is considered, and the conclusion drawn that any such approach must produce compounds which are selective for effects on metabolism, and do not cause generalized activation of the SNS.
交感神经系统（SNS）和肾上腺髓质是许多生理过程的重要调节者，不仅涉及血压控制，还关乎新陈代谢。必须认识到，SNS和肾上腺髓质的激活通常是选择性发生的，而非全或无的方式，并且在某些情况下，可能会出现一些组织/器官的激活以及对其他组织SNS供应的抑制。有证据表明SNS会影响能量消耗，动物和人类研究均指出β - 肾上腺素能受体的激活至关重要。因此，SNS或肾上腺髓质的活性或效能的任何改变都可能影响静息能量消耗并影响肥胖的发展。本综述评估了可用于评估SNS活性的技术，并考量了肥胖时SNS活性降低的证据。探讨了通过药理学改变SNS对能量消耗的缺陷性刺激的可能性，并得出结论，任何此类方法都必须产生对代谢效应具有选择性且不会引起SNS全身性激活的化合物。
