[Evaluation of vectorial capacity of Glossina tachinoides (Diptera, Glossinidae) infected by Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: epidemiological implications].

A total of 182 Glossina tachinoides were infected with Trypanosoma congolense savannah type. Infection rates were determined according to microscopical examination of dissected flies and PCR on proboscis. Different techniques of trypanosomes detection in the saliva of live tsetse flies were compared. Results show a high percentage of immature infection rates. PCR amplification of trypanosomes in tsetse flies proboscis confirm parasitological observations. The salivation technique showed fluctuations of the number of trypanosomes deposited with saliva. Variability between individual flies was observed in the mean number of parasites ejected, the rate of positive salivates detected by PCR and the rate of infected mice. PCR technique was as efficient as parasitological technique to detect trypanosomes in the salivates. The infectivity on mice was the less efficient method. These results improve our knowledge on G. tachinoides vectorial competence in the laboratory, and precise the role of this tsetse species in the epidemiology of this disease.