Klauer K C, Rossnagel C, Musch J
Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1997 Jan;23(1):246-55. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.23.1.246.
Evaluative priming effects are often found in the evaluative decision task, in which persons judge the affective connotation (positive vs. negative) of a target word. The present experiments examined list-context effects to test whether evaluative and semantic priming follow the same laws. In Experiment 1, evaluative priming was found at prime-target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 0 ms and 100 ms, but not at SOAs of--100, 200, 600, and 1,200 ms. Experiment 2 manipulated SOA (0, 200, and 1,200 ms) and the proportion (25%, 50%, and 75%) of the prime-target pairs that were evaluatively related. Contrary to the typical finding that increases in the proportion of related prime-target pairs lead to increased priming at long but not short SOAs, an effect of consistency proportion was found at SOAs of 0 ms (for reaction times) and 200 ms (in the accuracy data), but not at the 1,200-ms SOA. The pattern of results is discussed in relation to possible explanatory mechanisms of evaluative priming.
评价性启动效应通常在评价性决策任务中被发现，在该任务中人们判断目标词的情感内涵（积极与消极）。本实验考察了列表上下文效应，以测试评价性启动和语义启动是否遵循相同的规律。在实验1中，在启动刺激与目标刺激的起始时间间隔（SOA）为0毫秒和100毫秒时发现了评价性启动效应，但在-100、200、600和1200毫秒的SOA时未发现。实验2操纵了SOA（0、200和1200毫秒）以及启动刺激与目标刺激对在评价上相关的比例（25%、50%和75%）。与典型的发现相反，即相关的启动刺激与目标刺激对的比例增加会在长而非短的SOA时导致启动效应增加，在0毫秒的SOA（针对反应时间）和200毫秒的SOA（在准确性数据方面）发现了一致性比例效应，但在1200毫秒的SOA时未发现。根据评价性启动的可能解释机制对结果模式进行了讨论。
