Pineo G F, Hull R D
Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Annu Rev Med. 1997;48:79-91. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.79.
Intravenous heparin followed by warfarin has been the classical anticoagulant therapy of acute venous thromboembolism for the last 30 years. Furthermore, low-dose unfractionated heparin given two to three times daily has been the most popular form of prophylaxis for venous thrombosis. In recent years, a number of low-molecular-weight heparins have become available for clinical trials. These agents have many advantages over unfractionated heparin and are now being used widely internationally for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Indeed, low-molecular-weight heparin will undoubtedly replace intravenous unfractionated heparin not only in the treatment of venous thromboembolism, but in other conditions where heparin therapy is indicated. Whether or not the low-molecular-weight heparins can decrease or eliminate some of the complications of unfractionated heparin will depend on the outcome of future clinical trials.
在过去30年里，静脉注射肝素后继以华法林一直是急性静脉血栓栓塞的经典抗凝疗法。此外，每日两到三次给予低剂量普通肝素一直是预防静脉血栓形成最常用的方式。近年来，多种低分子肝素已可用于临床试验。这些药物与普通肝素相比具有许多优势，目前在国际上被广泛用于预防和治疗静脉血栓栓塞。事实上，低分子肝素无疑不仅会在静脉血栓栓塞的治疗中，而且会在其他需要肝素治疗的病症中取代静脉注射普通肝素。低分子肝素能否减少或消除普通肝素的一些并发症将取决于未来临床试验的结果。
