Niederhauser V P
Nurse Practitioner Program, George Mason University College of Nursing and Health Science, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1997 Mar;22(3):16-8, 23, 26-8 passim.
Children and adults respond to drugs differently. There are important differences in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medications during infancy and childhood. Children's body systems are less developed; their gastrointestinal transit time varies; and their body composition changes with development. This article will explore pediatric pharmacokinetics, the effect the body has on a drug, and the implications for practice. The controversial off-label use of medications must be considered when prescribing medications because specific dosage guidelines for the pediatric population still are not available for the majority of marketed drugs. Prescription writing must be appropriate, legible, and meticulous. Family education about medications and administration techniques is an essential part of the clinician's role. The limited scope of current research in pharmacokinetics and the effects on the developing child creates the need for more studies on drug therapy and the pediatric client. Furthermore, clinicians need to expand research on the effects of parental education on accurate medication administration and drug therapy compliance.
儿童和成人对药物的反应不同。在婴儿期和儿童期，药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄存在重要差异。儿童的身体系统发育较差；他们的胃肠道转运时间各不相同；而且他们的身体组成会随着发育而变化。本文将探讨儿科药代动力学，即身体对药物的作用，以及对临床实践的影响。在开处方时必须考虑药物有争议的非标签使用情况，因为大多数市售药物仍没有针对儿科人群的具体剂量指南。处方书写必须恰当、清晰且细致。关于药物和给药技术的家庭教育是临床医生职责的重要组成部分。目前药代动力学研究的范围有限，以及对发育中儿童的影响，使得有必要对药物治疗和儿科患者进行更多研究。此外，临床医生需要扩大关于家长教育对准确给药和药物治疗依从性影响的研究。
