A phase I report of paclitaxel dose escalation combined with a fixed dose of carboplatin in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma.

BACKGROUND

Standard therapy for advanced head and neck carcinoma is surgery and radiation, and the subsequent 5-year survival with this treatment has been less than 50%. New combined modality treatment strategies are being tested to improve survival. New chemotherapy combinations are being developed and administered simultaneously with, or sequenced with, radiation and surgery. This article reports the Phase I results of administering paclitaxel and carboplatin preoperatively. The authors' objective was to develop an outpatient chemotherapy that would downstage tumors and allow organ preservation with equal or improved survival as compared with standard therapy.

METHODS

Thirty-six patients with untreated Stage III/IV head and neck carcinoma were treated and were evaluable for toxicity. All patients had lesions that were measurable in perpendicular planes. A nonrandomized, Phase I design was used, according to which cohorts of patients were treated every 21 days with escalating doses of paclitaxel (150-265 mg/m2) given as a 3-hour infusion immediately preceding carboplatin. Premedication was used to avoid acute hypersensitivity reactions. Carboplatin was administered intravenously over 1 hour at a constant dose calculated with the Calvert formula (area under the curve, 7.5).

RESULTS

The dose-limiting toxicities were neuropathy and thrombocytopenia at a paclitaxel dose of 265 mg/m2. Neutropenic fever was observed in 30% of patients at a paclitaxel dose of 250-265 mg/m2. Other observed adverse effects included pruritus, myalgia, arthralgia, alopecia, nausea, and vomiting.

CONCLUSIONS

Toxicity was acceptable. The maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel was 230 mg/m2 without hematopoietic growth factor, or 250 mg/m2 with hematopoietic growth factor, the carboplatin dose held constant, calculated at area under the curve of 7.5. Phase II studies of this combination are warranted in the treatment of these carcinomas.