Alvarez C, Martín M A, Goya L, Bertin E, Portha B, Pascual-Leone A M
Instituto de Bioquímica (Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Facultad de Farmacia, Spain.
Endocrinology. 1997 Jun;138(6):2267-73. doi: 10.1210/endo.138.6.5202.
The effects of food restriction of the mother (65% restriction of ad libitum food intake) on fetal and maternal insulin secretion and islet function were studied at 21 days gestation in three different rat populations: 1) undernourished from 0-7 days gestation, 2) undernourished from 7-14 days gestation, and 3) undernourished from 14-21 days gestation. The body weights of mothers were decreased in groups 2 and 3 vs. those in control fed pregnant animals, and no changes in basal parameters were found in any group. A glucose tolerance test in mothers from group 3 showed a mild intolerance to glucose and a decreased islet insulin content, although islet stimulation in vitro with glucose alone or plus arginine showed a normal insulin secretory response. Body weight was decreased in fetuses from the three groups (P < 0.01), and pancreas weight was reduced only in group 3. Insulinemia was increased in groups 2 and 3, and pancreatic insulin content increased only in group 3. However, fetuses from mothers of group 3 showed increased islet insulin content, increased response of insulin in vitro to glucose or glucose plus arginine, and hypertrophy of beta-cell mass. These results indicate, first, that the development of the fetal pancreas depends on a balanced maternal glucose homeostasis and, second, that adaptive maternal changes to undernutrition seem to induce alterations on the fetal endocrine pancreas, especially when food restriction is applied during the last week of gestation.
在妊娠21天时，研究了母体食物限制（自由摄食量的65%限制）对三种不同大鼠群体胎儿和母体胰岛素分泌及胰岛功能的影响：1）妊娠0至7天营养不良；2）妊娠7至14天营养不良；3）妊娠14至21天营养不良。与对照喂养的怀孕动物相比，第2组和第3组母体的体重下降，且任何组的基础参数均未发现变化。第3组母体的葡萄糖耐量试验显示对葡萄糖有轻度不耐受且胰岛胰岛素含量降低，尽管单独用葡萄糖或加精氨酸进行体外胰岛刺激显示胰岛素分泌反应正常。三组胎儿的体重均下降（P<0.01），仅第3组胰腺重量降低。第2组和第3组的胰岛素血症增加，仅第3组胰腺胰岛素含量增加。然而，第3组母体的胎儿显示胰岛胰岛素含量增加、体外胰岛素对葡萄糖或葡萄糖加精氨酸的反应增加以及β细胞团肥大。这些结果表明，首先，胎儿胰腺的发育取决于母体葡萄糖内环境稳定的平衡；其次，母体对营养不良的适应性变化似乎会引起胎儿内分泌胰腺的改变，尤其是在妊娠最后一周进行食物限制时。
