[符合EN 740要求的麻醉气体清除装置在设备泄漏和新鲜气体流量方面的有效性]

Marx T, Fröba G, Zwing M, Knobloch V, Georgieff M

Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universität Ulm.

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1997 Feb;32(2):101-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-995017.

PURPOSE

During inhalation anaesthesia, contaminations of the working environment be anaesthetic volatiles and nitrous oxide occur. The amount of leaking gases is influenced by leakages of the anaesthetic ventilator, by fresh-gas flows and by the effectivity of the scavenging system. Since 1st January 1996 new ventilators have to be equipped with scavenging devices according to the European standard EN 740. We measured the effectivity of this system with anaesthetic ventilators of a type that is now superseded (mean leakage rate 100 ml/min) and recent devices (mean leakage rate 5 ml/min) using high and low fresh-gas flows.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The anaesthetic ventilators were placed in a non-air-conditioned area. A test lung was ventilated with gas flows of 1 l/min, 3 l/min and 6 l/min (concentrations of nitrous oxide 70%, Enflurane 1%). The ventilation time in each case was 1 h. The minute volume was set to 8 l/min. At 2-minute intervals the concentrations of nitrous oxide and enflurane were measured by a multigas monitor Brüel & Kjaer 1302. The experiments were carried out with an old scavenging device according to DIN 13260 and a new device according to EN 740.

RESULTS

Using the scavenging device according to DIN 13260, the concentrations of the pollutant gases were significantly dependent on the fresh-gas flows. No differences were found when using old or new anaesthetic ventilators. Medians of nitrous oxide (n2o) and Enflurane (e): 6 l/min: (n2o) 204 ppm (e) 4.3 ppm 3 l/min: (n2o) 115 ppm (e) 2.1 ppm 1 l/min: (n2o) 61 ppm (e) 0.97 ppm. Scavenging devices according to EN 740 significantly reduced the amount of emitted pollutants. No dependency on fresh-gas flows could be detected. 6 l/min: (n2o) 11.25 ppm (e) 0.05 ppm 3 l/min: (n2o) 10.12 ppm (e) 0.0 ppm 1 l/min: (n2o) 9.5 ppm (e) 0.0 ppm.

CONCLUSIONS

The formerly reported dependence of the room air concentrations of anaesthetic volatiles and nitrous oxide from the fresh gas flow are caused by the spillage of pollutants through scavenging devices according to DIN 13260. The use of systems according to EN 740 is not only useful in new devices but must also be recommended for superseded models of anaesthetic ventilators.

目的

在吸入麻醉期间，工作环境会受到麻醉挥发物和一氧化二氮的污染。泄漏气体的量受麻醉呼吸机的泄漏、新鲜气体流量和清除系统有效性的影响。自1996年1月1日起，新的呼吸机必须根据欧洲标准EN 740配备清除装置。我们使用现已被取代的一种类型的麻醉呼吸机（平均泄漏率100毫升/分钟）和最新设备（平均泄漏率5毫升/分钟），在高和低新鲜气体流量情况下测量了该系统的有效性。

材料与方法

将麻醉呼吸机放置在无空调区域。用1升/分钟、3升/分钟和6升/分钟的气体流量（一氧化二氮浓度70%，安氟醚1%）对测试肺进行通气。每种情况下的通气时间为1小时。分钟通气量设定为8升/分钟。每隔2分钟用Brüel & Kjaer 1302多气体监测仪测量一氧化二氮和安氟醚的浓度。实验使用符合DIN 13260的旧清除装置和符合EN 740的新装置进行。

结果

使用符合DIN 13260的清除装置时，污染气体的浓度显著取决于新鲜气体流量。使用旧的或新的麻醉呼吸机时未发现差异。一氧化二氮（n2o）和安氟醚（e）的中位数：6升/分钟：（n2o）204 ppm（e）4.3 ppm；3升/分钟：（n2o）115 ppm（e）2.1 ppm；1升/分钟：（n2o）61 ppm（e）0.97 ppm。符合EN 740的清除装置显著减少了排放污染物的量。未检测到对新鲜气体流量的依赖性。6升/分钟：（n2o）11.25 ppm（e）0.05 ppm；3升/分钟：（n2o）10.12 ppm（e）0.0 ppm；1升/分钟：（n2o）9.5 ppm（e）0.0 ppm。