优势等级对雌性黑猩猩繁殖成功率的影响。
The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees.
作者信息
Pusey A, Williams J, Goodall J
机构信息
Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
出版信息
Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):828-31. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5327.828.
Female chimpanzees often forage alone and do not display obvious linear dominance hierarchies; consequently, it has been suggested that dominance is not of great importance to them. However, with the use of data from a 35-year field study of chimpanzees, high-ranking females were shown to have significantly higher infant survival, faster maturing daughters, and more rapid production of young. Given the foraging behavior of chimpanzees, high rank probably influences reproductive success by helping females establish and maintain access to good foraging areas rather than by sparing them stress from aggression.
雌性黑猩猩常常独自觅食，并且不会表现出明显的线性等级制度；因此，有人认为等级制度对它们来说并不十分重要。然而，通过对一项为期35年的黑猩猩野外研究数据的分析发现，地位较高的雌性黑猩猩的幼崽存活率显著更高，女儿成熟得更快，生育后代的速度也更快。鉴于黑猩猩的觅食行为，较高的地位可能通过帮助雌性建立并维持对优质觅食区域的 access（此处英文原文有误，推测应为“access”，意为“获取机会”）来影响繁殖成功率，而不是通过使它们免受攻击带来的压力。
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