Ernst F A, Jackson I, Robertson R M, Nevels H, Watts E
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA.
Ethn Dis. 1997 Winter;7(1):34-40.
Several studies have found a positive relationship between darkness of skin tone and blood pressure in African Americans. This has raised speculation about the relative contributions of genetic and/or psychosocial factors in the mediation of this relationship. Using a laboratory stress protocol, we performed cardiovascular reactivity testing with 42 male and 40 female African-American college students after pre-testing them on measures of hostility using four psychometric scales derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Skin tone measures were obtained with a reflectance spectrophotometer. In the combined sample of males and females, we found a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between darker skin tone and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03). However, males were significantly darker than females (p = .005) suggesting that the skin tone and blood pressure relationship is an artifact of gender. No differences in patterns of cardiovascular habituation or levels of hostility were found between dark and light subjects. Discussion of these results focuses on the weak statistical relationship found in this and other studies and the specificity of previous findings based on educational and socioeconomic factors.
多项研究发现，非裔美国人的肤色深浅与血压之间存在正相关关系。这引发了关于遗传和/或心理社会因素在这种关系的调节中所起相对作用的猜测。我们采用实验室压力测试方案，在使用源自明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）的四个心理测量量表对42名男性和40名女性非裔美国大学生进行敌意测量预测试后，对他们进行了心血管反应性测试。使用反射分光光度计获取肤色测量数据。在男性和女性的综合样本中，我们发现肤色较深与收缩压之间存在微弱但具有统计学意义的正相关关系（p = 0.03）。然而，男性的肤色明显比女性深（p = 0.005），这表明肤色与血压之间的关系是性别造成的假象。肤色深和浅的受试者在心血管适应模式或敌意水平上没有差异。对这些结果的讨论集中在本研究和其他研究中发现的微弱统计关系，以及先前基于教育和社会经济因素的研究结果的特异性。
