Rambaldi R, Poldermans D, Vletter W B, ten Cate F J, Roelandt J R, Fioretti P M
Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
G Ital Cardiol. 1997 Aug;27(8):827-39.
Doppler tissue imaging is one of the most recent technical achievements of clinical echocardiography. Different Doppler modes are encompassed by Doppler tissue imaging: tissues velocity, pulsed wave-doppler, acceleration, phase, synchronicity and energy modes. With the exception of the energy mode, all modes are based on the Doppler shift, according to the strength of the Doppler signals from the tissues. The most widely used mode is tissue velocity, in which the velocity of moving tissue is calculated in relation to the transducer from the Doppler shift and is displayed as colour-encoded velocity maps in M-mode and two-dimensional imaging formats. Both curved M-mode, applied on two-dimensional images, and three-dimensional reconstruction appear among the most promising applications of velocity mode for the quantitative assessment of regional left ventricular function. A second Doppler mode, pulsed wave-doppler tissue imaging, displays the velocity profile of a region of interest versus time. The velocity data are displayed with a high temporal resolution, but with the disadvantage of a low spatial resolution. A third Doppler mode, tissue acceleration, displays the differences in velocity between subsequent frames in colour-encoded maps. A clinical application has been found in the electrophysiologic field. Other Doppler modes, phase and synchronicity, still require clinical assessment. Lastly, the tissue energy or power mode displays the strength of the Doppler signal from the tissues as gradations of the colour intensity in colour-encoded maps. One of its fields of application appears to be the study of myocardial perfusion with contrast agents. The development of new dedicated algorithms for colour quantification, along with the beginning of the new era of digital echocardiography, should help bring Doppler tissue imaging into the clinical arena.
多普勒组织成像技术是临床超声心动图领域的最新技术成果之一。多普勒组织成像涵盖了不同的多普勒模式：组织速度、脉冲波多普勒、加速度、相位、同步性和能量模式。除能量模式外，所有模式均基于多普勒频移，依据来自组织的多普勒信号强度而定。应用最为广泛的模式是组织速度模式，在此模式下，根据多普勒频移计算运动组织相对于换能器的速度，并以M型和二维成像格式显示为彩色编码的速度图。应用于二维图像的曲线M型以及三维重建，似乎是速度模式在定量评估左心室局部功能方面最具前景的应用。第二种多普勒模式，即脉冲波多普勒组织成像，显示感兴趣区域的速度随时间的变化曲线。速度数据以高时间分辨率显示，但缺点是空间分辨率较低。第三种多普勒模式，组织加速度模式，在彩色编码图中显示后续帧之间的速度差异。该模式已在电生理领域得到临床应用。其他多普勒模式，如相位和同步性模式，仍需进行临床评估。最后，组织能量或功率模式将来自组织的多普勒信号强度显示为彩色编码图中颜色强度的渐变。其应用领域之一似乎是利用造影剂研究心肌灌注。随着用于彩色定量分析的新型专用算法的开发以及数字超声心动图新时代的开启，有望推动多普勒组织成像技术进入临床应用。
