Dvorak A M
Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., 02215, USA.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997 Sep;114(1):1-9. doi: 10.1159/000237635.
New sources of human and mouse mast cells, which were isolated from individual organs (i.e., lung, colon, synovium, skin, uterus, heart), developed from progenitors in vitro in the presence of stem cell factor and/or interleukin (IL)-3, or enriched from fetal or adult blood, spleen or bone marrow by cell sorting, have made possible new studies of the cell biology of mast cells. Advances resulting from these new mast cell sources as well as from new methods for labeling specific products in subcellular sites and structures in resting and functional mast cells are the subject of this review. Specific advances discussed are as follows: identification of an Fc epsilonRI+ c-kit- mouse basophil population from bone marrow and spleen that is associated with IL-4 production and an Fc epsilonRI- c-kit- granulated mouse mast cell progenitor in fetal blood; identification of hyperplasia and functional activation of human skin mast cells in vivo when exposed to recombinant stem cell factor and spontaneous degranulation in X-linked immunodeficient mouse mast cells; use of an enzyme-affinity-gold method to detect histamine in mature and immature human mast cell granules, in secretion and recovery of histamine during anaphylactic degranulation of human lung mast cells ex vivo, and in secretion of histamine in vivo by piecemeal degranulation of IL-4 transgenic mouse mast cells in inflammatory eye disease and of human gut mast cells in inflammatory bowel disease; use of immunogold methods to localize cyclooxygenase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha to subcellular structures in human and rat mast cells and to localize the Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in human basophils to aid in the identification of mast cells arising in mixed cellular populations; use of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-gold affinity method to demonstrate a rat mast cell granule-mediated uptake of LDL by macrophages in peritoneal fluid.
从各个器官（即肺、结肠、滑膜、皮肤、子宫、心脏）分离出的人源和鼠源肥大细胞的新来源，在干细胞因子和/或白细胞介素（IL）-3存在的情况下，由祖细胞在体外发育而来，或者通过细胞分选从胎儿或成人血液、脾脏或骨髓中富集得到，这使得对肥大细胞细胞生物学的新研究成为可能。本文综述了这些新的肥大细胞来源以及在静息和功能活跃的肥大细胞亚细胞位点和结构中标记特定产物的新方法所带来的进展。所讨论的具体进展如下：从骨髓和脾脏中鉴定出与IL-4产生相关的FcεRI⁺ c-kit⁻ 小鼠嗜碱性粒细胞群体，以及在胎儿血液中鉴定出FcεRI⁻ c-kit⁻ 颗粒化小鼠肥大细胞祖细胞；鉴定出人类皮肤肥大细胞在体内暴露于重组干细胞因子时的增生和功能激活，以及X连锁免疫缺陷小鼠肥大细胞中的自发脱颗粒；使用酶亲和金法检测成熟和未成熟人类肥大细胞颗粒中的组胺，检测人肺肥大细胞体外过敏反应性脱颗粒过程中组胺的分泌和回收，以及检测IL-4转基因小鼠肥大细胞在炎性眼病中通过逐片脱颗粒和人类肠道肥大细胞在炎症性肠病中体内组胺的分泌；使用免疫金法将环氧化酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α定位到人和大鼠肥大细胞的亚细胞结构中，并将夏科-莱登结晶蛋白定位到人类嗜碱性粒细胞中，以帮助鉴定混合细胞群体中产生的肥大细胞；使用低密度脂蛋白（LDL）-金亲和法证明大鼠肥大细胞颗粒介导巨噬细胞对腹膜液中LDL的摄取。
