Nyland J A, Caborn D N, Shapiro R, Johnson D L
Section of Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1997;5(3):162-7. doi: 10.1007/s001670050045.
Athletic women are at greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than men. Twenty, healthy, athletic women were evaluated for the effect of preferred stance limb isokinetic quadriceps femoris and hamstring fatigue from eccentric work compared with controls on the activation onset of vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, the medial hamstrings, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Following 3 weeks of crossover cut training, subjects were tested for fatigue effects (5 subjects/week, 3 conditions, 1 condition/day, order effect controlled) on muscle activation onsets prior to crossover cut landing heelstrike (mixed model, ANOVA, P < 0.05). Fatigue from eccentric quadriceps femoris work produced delayed vastus medialis (P = 0.03), rectus femoris (P = 0.007), and vastus lateralis (P = 0.03) activation onsets compared with control, but did not differ compared to hamstring fatigue. Neither hamstring nor quadriceps femoris fatigue produced differences (P > 0.05) in medial hamstring or biceps femoris activation onsets compared to control. Quadriceps femoris fatigue from eccentric work produced earlier gastrocnemius activation onsets (P = 0.048) than control, but did not differ for hamstring fatigue. The gastrocnemius appears to provide synergistic and compensatory dynamic knee stabilization in closed kinetic chain function during quadriceps femoris fatigue. This finding in a normal group at high risk of ACL injury while performing a maneuver with a high ACL injury risk supports gastrocnemius inclusion in knee rehabilitation and conditioning programs and suggests the need for comparative evaluations of knee injured/reconstructed subjects.
与男性相比，从事运动的女性前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤风险更高。对20名健康、从事运动的女性进行了评估，比较了与对照组相比，偏心工作导致的优势支撑腿等速股四头肌和腘绳肌疲劳对股内侧肌、股直肌、股外侧肌、内侧腘绳肌、股二头肌和腓肠肌肌肉激活起始的影响。在进行3周的交叉切训练后，对受试者在交叉切落地足跟触地前的肌肉激活起始进行疲劳效应测试（每周5名受试者，3种情况，每天1种情况，控制顺序效应）（混合模型，方差分析，P<0.05）。与对照组相比，股四头肌偏心工作导致的疲劳使股内侧肌（P = 0.03）、股直肌（P = 0.007）和股外侧肌（P = 0.03）的激活起始延迟，但与腘绳肌疲劳相比无差异。与对照组相比，腘绳肌和股四头肌疲劳均未导致内侧腘绳肌或股二头肌激活起始出现差异（P>0.05）。偏心工作导致的股四头肌疲劳使腓肠肌激活起始比对照组更早（P = 0.048），但腘绳肌疲劳无此差异。在股四头肌疲劳期间，腓肠肌似乎在闭链功能中提供协同和补偿性的动态膝关节稳定。在ACL损伤高风险的正常组中，在进行具有高ACL损伤风险的动作时的这一发现支持将腓肠肌纳入膝关节康复和训练计划，并表明需要对膝关节受伤/重建的受试者进行比较评估。
