Engelken T J
College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1997 Nov;13(3):647-60. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30316-9.
Control of respiratory disease in cow/calf operations presents many challenges. The incidence of disease in the suckling calf is not well documented and the logistics of handling range animals make control programs difficult to implement. Health programs have to be built around normal working patterns, and these patterns may not provide the best "fit" for immune management of the calf. Weaned calves undergo significant disease challenge when they enter typical marketing channels. This provides the potential for high levels of calf morbidity, mortality, medicine costs, and losses from decreased performance as they arrive at a stocker operation or feedyard. If preweaning calf health and preconditioning programs are used, they must be planned so that the producer has an opportunity to obtain a return on their investment. Options for increasing calf weight marketed, certified calf health sales, or retained ownership through the next phase of production should be evaluated carefully. Any potential increase in calf value must be weighed against program costs. This affords the veterinarian an opportunity to build on traditional disease management and prevention skills and expand their influence in overall ranch management.
在奶牛/犊牛养殖作业中控制呼吸道疾病面临诸多挑战。哺乳犊牛的疾病发病率记录不完善，且管理散养动物的后勤工作使得控制计划难以实施。健康计划必须围绕正常工作模式制定，而这些模式可能无法为犊牛的免疫管理提供最佳“契合度”。断奶犊牛进入典型销售渠道时会面临重大疾病挑战。这有可能导致犊牛发病率和死亡率升高、用药成本增加，以及它们进入饲养场或育肥场时因性能下降而造成损失。如果使用断奶前犊牛健康和预处理计划，必须进行规划，以便生产者有机会获得投资回报。应仔细评估增加上市犊牛体重、认证犊牛健康销售或通过下一生产阶段保留所有权的选项。犊牛价值的任何潜在增加都必须与计划成本相权衡。这为兽医提供了一个机会，在传统疾病管理和预防技能的基础上加以拓展，并扩大他们在牧场整体管理中的影响力。
