Stevens R D, Dinsmore R P
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Nov 15;211(10):1280-4.
To evaluate the effects of treatment at parturition with dinoprost tromethamine, fenprostalene, or oxytocin on postpartum disease and reproductive performance during the subsequent breeding season in dairy cows.
Prospective study.
1,400 Holstein cows from 5 commercial dairies.
Cows were assigned within 2 hours after calving to serve as untreated control cows or to be treated with 1 mg of fenprostalene, SC; 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, IM; or 20 IU of oxytocin, IM. Cows were confined to treatment pens and monitored daily until fetal membranes were expelled. Cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) were treated according to existing treatment protocols for the dairy, with the provision that intrauterine infusions were not allowed. All other disease conditions were recorded, and appropriate treatment was administered. Postpartum reproductive examinations were performed 28 to 56 days after parturition Breeding records were maintained for all cows until pregnancy was confirmed or the cow was removed from the herd.
Fetal membranes were retained in 12.1% of all cows, and this outcome was unaffected by treatment. Compared with cows without RFM, cows with RFM had longer intervals to first insemination (76.4 vs 82.0 days), reduced first insemination conception rates (46.8 vs 28.0%), and increased number of days not pregnant (103.2 vs 127.4 days). Farm, as a variable, significantly affected development of RFM and postpartum disease conditions as well as reproductive performance during the subsequent breeding season. Fetal membranes were retained in 12.4, 15.2, 8.7, 6.3, and 16.9% of cows on farms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Mean days to first insemination varied from 64.5 days (farm 3) to 91.5 days (farm 1). Mean number of days not pregnant varied from 94.8 days (farm 3) to 15.9 days (farm 4).
Administration of prostaglandins or oxytocin at the time of calving does not reduce the incidence of RFM or improve reproductive performance. Farm management practices have the greatest impact on dairy cow performance.
评估分娩时使用氨丁三醇地诺前列素、氯前列烯醇或缩宫素对奶牛产后疾病及后续繁殖季节繁殖性能的影响。
前瞻性研究。
来自5个商业奶牛场的1400头荷斯坦奶牛。
奶牛在产犊后2小时内被分配为未治疗的对照奶牛，或接受皮下注射1毫克氯前列烯醇、肌肉注射25毫克氨丁三醇地诺前列素或肌肉注射20国际单位缩宫素治疗。奶牛被关在治疗栏中，每天进行监测，直到胎膜排出。胎膜滞留（RFM）的奶牛按照奶牛场现有的治疗方案进行治疗，但不允许进行子宫内灌注。记录所有其他疾病情况，并给予适当治疗。产后28至56天进行产后生殖检查。记录所有奶牛的繁殖记录，直到确认怀孕或奶牛被从牛群中移出。
所有奶牛中12.1%出现胎膜滞留，该结果不受治疗影响。与没有胎膜滞留的奶牛相比，有胎膜滞留的奶牛首次输精间隔时间更长（76.4天对82.0天），首次输精受胎率降低（46.8%对28.0%），未怀孕天数增加（103.2天对127.4天）。作为一个变量，奶牛场显著影响胎膜滞留的发生、产后疾病情况以及后续繁殖季节的繁殖性能。农场1、2、3、4和5中胎膜滞留的奶牛分别占12.4%、15.2%、8.7%、6.3%和16.9%。首次输精的平均天数从64.5天（农场3）到91.5天（农场1）不等。未怀孕的平均天数从94.8天（农场3）到15.9天（农场4）不等。
产犊时使用前列腺素或缩宫素不会降低胎膜滞留的发生率，也不会改善繁殖性能。农场管理措施对奶牛性能影响最大。
