Selvaraj P T, Little M H, Kaufman E N
Bioprocessing Research and Development Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831-6226, USA.
Biotechnol Prog. 1997 Sep-Oct;13(5):583-9. doi: 10.1021/bp970073v.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere that cause acid rain. Microbial processes for reducing SO2 to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have previously been demonstrated by utilizing mixed cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with municipal sewage digest as the carbon and energy source. To maximize the productivity of the bioreactor for SO2 reduction in this study, various immobilized cell bioreactors were investigated: a stirred tank with SRB flocs and columnar reactors with cells immobilized in either potassium-carrageenan gel matrix or polymeric porous BIO-SEP beads. The maximum volumetric productivity for SO2 reduction in the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) with SRB flocs was 2.1 mmol of SO2/(h.L). The potassium-carrageenan gell matrix used for cell immobilization was not durable at feed sulfite concentrations greater than 2000 mg/L (1.7 mmol/(h.L)). A columnar reactor with mixed SRB cells that had been allowed to grow into highly stable BIO-SEP polymeric beads exhibited the highest sulfite conversion rates, in the range 16.5 mmol/(h.L) (with 100% conversion) to 20 mmol/(h.L) (with 95% conversion). The average specific activity for sulfite reduction in the column, in terms of dry weight of SRB biomass, was 9.5 mmol of sulfite/(h.g). In addition to flue gas desulfurization, potential applications of this microbial process include the treatment of sulfate/sulfite-laden wastewater from the pulp and paper, petroleum, mining, and chemical industries.
二氧化硫（SO₂）是大气中导致酸雨的主要污染物之一。此前已有研究表明，利用硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的混合培养物，以城市污水消化物作为碳源和能源，可以通过微生物过程将SO₂还原为硫化氢（H₂S）。为了在本研究中最大化生物反应器还原SO₂的生产率，研究了各种固定化细胞生物反应器：一种装有SRB絮体的搅拌槽式反应器，以及细胞固定在卡拉胶钾凝胶基质或聚合物多孔BIO-SEP珠粒中的柱状反应器。装有SRB絮体的连续搅拌槽式反应器（CSTR）中SO₂还原的最大体积生产率为2.1 mmol SO₂/(h·L)。用于细胞固定化的卡拉胶钾凝胶基质在进料亚硫酸盐浓度大于2000 mg/L（1.7 mmol/(h·L)）时不耐久。一个装有混合SRB细胞的柱状反应器，这些细胞已生长成高度稳定的BIO-SEP聚合物珠粒，其亚硫酸盐转化率最高，在16.5 mmol/(h·L)（转化率100%）至20 mmol/(h·L)（转化率95%）范围内。以SRB生物质干重计，该柱状反应器中亚硫酸盐还原的平均比活性为9.5 mmol亚硫酸盐/(h·g)。除了烟气脱硫外，这种微生物过程的潜在应用还包括处理来自造纸、石油、采矿和化工行业的含硫酸盐/亚硫酸盐废水。
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