Assessment of platelet activation by coronary sinus blood sampling during balloon angioplasty and directional coronary atherectomy.

Three markers of platelet activation (platelet-derived microparticles, fibrinogen binding and expression of P-selectin) were assessed by flow cytometry during diagnostic coronary angiography and therapeutic coronary interventions. In 24 patients undergoing diagnostic angiography, blood was collected to determine if our sampling techniques or coronary angiography caused platelet activation. Changes during diagnostic angiography were used to establish baseline values and interpret changes during coronary interventions. In 21 patients, blood samples were obtained at 5 time points during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (n = 17) or directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) (n = 4). During coronary interventions, mean values for the percentage of platelets expressing P-selectin or binding fibrinogen increased, but with considerable variation among patients. Individual responses for platelet activation markers in each patient were characterized using a twofold increase to indicate elevation related to the intervention. Patients were classified as having complicated or uncomplicated procedures based on the presence of acute closure, dissection, or thrombus observed by angiography. There were no differences in the percentage of elevated markers between patients with uncomplicated (12.5%) and complicated (19%) PTCA procedures. However, patients treated with DCA had more elevated markers (38%) than those treated with PTCA (15%) (p = 0.04). Our data suggest that the extent of platelet activation in individual patients cannot be predicted by common angiographic findings or complications. More markers of platelet activation were present after DCA and may reflect a greater degree of vascular trauma associated with this procedure.