Nolan S P, Zacour R, Dammann J F
Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Nov;64(5):1540-3. doi: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)01022-9.
The concept of cardiopulmonary bypass is more than a century old. Although the first clinical application occurred in 1953, there were great deficits in knowledge and materials that had to be overcome before we could achieve the outcomes of cardiac surgery that we have today.
体外循环的概念已有一个多世纪的历史。尽管其首次临床应用发生在1953年,但在我们能够取得如今心脏手术的成果之前,在知识和材料方面存在着巨大的不足,这些不足必须被克服。