Epidemiology and inheritance of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in Israel.

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is considered frequent among French Canadians. Our previous observations suggested it is common also among the Jews originating from Bukhara in Uzbekistan, many of whom are now living in Israel. One hundred and seventeen OPMD patients were identified in a population of 70,000 people of Bukharian descent, resulting in a calculated minimal prevalence of 1:600. In all but three families age dependent autosomal dominant inheritance was documented. There is some evidence for genetic anticipation. Three young, severely ill, patients from two different families may be homozygotes, their parents being both affected. Bukhara Jews present the second largest known cluster and the prevalence is the highest in the world. The existence of very large families, intermarriage among carriers and probably homozygote offspring may be useful for genetic studies. A 'founder effect' may explain the high prevalence of OPMD in this population.