Yoshiki N, Aso T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
Nihon Rinsho. 1997 Nov;55(11):2840-8.
The hormonal patterns during menstrual cycle, which consist of cyclic alterations in gonadotropins, estradiol, and progesterone, are controlled by hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian feedback mechanism. GnRH produced in hypothalamus acts on the pituitary cells to secrete FSH and LH, which stimulate the follicular development. The developed follicles secrete estradiol, progesterone, inhibin, activin, and follistatin. Estradiol and progesterone, at different concentrations and/or ratios, either positively or negatively control the feedback of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in regulating the secretion of GnRH, FSH and LH. Inhibin and follistatin selectively suppress, whereas activin enhances the secretion of FSH in the pituitary. Recently, various additional factors produced by the ovary have been identified to contribute to the follicular development by paracrine and/or autocrine regulation as well as to feedback on hypothalamic-pituitary unit.
月经周期中的激素模式，包括促性腺激素、雌二醇和孕酮的周期性变化，受下丘脑-垂体-卵巢反馈机制控制。下丘脑产生的促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）作用于垂体细胞，使其分泌促卵泡生成素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH），这两种激素刺激卵泡发育。发育成熟的卵泡分泌雌二醇、孕酮、抑制素、激活素和卵泡抑素。雌二醇和孕酮在不同浓度和/或比例下，对下丘脑-垂体轴的反馈进行正向或负向控制，从而调节GnRH、FSH和LH的分泌。抑制素和卵泡抑素选择性地抑制垂体中FSH的分泌，而激活素则增强FSH的分泌。最近，已确定卵巢产生的各种其他因子通过旁分泌和/或自分泌调节促进卵泡发育，并对下丘脑-垂体单位产生反馈作用。
