Evan A P, Gardner K D
Lab Invest. 1976 Jul;35(1):93-101.
Because of difficulty in obtaining cystic human kidneys for functional and morphologic study, animal models are receiving increasing attention. Most prominent among them is the renal cystic disease that is induced in rats through feeding of the antioxidant, diphenylamine, The present study examined the morphology of adult polycystic and medullary cystic kidney disease in man using scanning electron microscopy and compared them with diphenylamine-induced cystic kidney disease in rats. Diphenylamine nephropathy was induced by feeding rats 1 per cent diphenylamine for 12 to 18 months. All types of cystic disease showed changes in the renal corpuscles, including dilation of Bowman's space, podocyte fusion and degeneration, and basement membrane thickening. Cysts were noted along the entire nephron in polycystic and diphenylamine-induced cystic disease but only along the collecting ducts in medullary cystic disease. Cysts in polycystic disease were large and lined by flattened epithelium. Collecting duct cysts in diphenylamine cystic disease were lined by cells of irregular size and shape suggestive of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, whereas cysts of medullary cystic disease were lined by flattened epithelium except where the nephron entered or left the cyst. Cast material was generally found in the cysts of diphenylamine-induced and polycystic kidney disease but not medullary cystic disease. Atrophic glomeruli and tubules were found in all three diseases. Complete tubular obstruction was found in none; however, larger cysts frequently impinged on adjacent tubules and narrowed their lumina. The results of this study show that, in the terminal stages, cellular as well as gross morphologic differences exist between polycystic and medullary cystic kidney disease and that diphenylamine-induced cystic disease more closely resembles human polycystic than medullary cystic kidney disease.
由于难以获取囊性人类肾脏用于功能和形态学研究，动物模型正受到越来越多的关注。其中最突出的是通过喂食抗氧化剂二苯胺在大鼠中诱发的肾囊性疾病。本研究使用扫描电子显微镜检查了人类成人多囊肾和髓质囊性肾病的形态，并将它们与二苯胺诱发的大鼠肾囊性疾病进行了比较。通过给大鼠喂食1%的二苯胺12至18个月来诱发二苯胺肾病。所有类型的囊性疾病在肾小体中均表现出变化，包括肾小囊扩张、足细胞融合和退变以及基底膜增厚。在多囊性和二苯胺诱发的囊性疾病中，整个肾单位都可见囊肿，但在髓质囊性疾病中仅在集合管处可见囊肿。多囊性疾病中的囊肿较大，内衬扁平上皮。二苯胺囊性疾病中的集合管囊肿内衬大小和形状不规则的细胞，提示细胞肥大和/或增生，而髓质囊性疾病的囊肿除了肾单位进入或离开囊肿的部位外，内衬扁平上皮。铸型物质通常见于二苯胺诱发的和多囊性肾病的囊肿中，但不见于髓质囊性疾病。在所有三种疾病中均发现萎缩的肾小球和肾小管。未发现完全性肾小管梗阻；然而，较大的囊肿经常压迫相邻肾小管并使其管腔变窄。本研究结果表明，在终末期，多囊肾和髓质囊性肾病在细胞以及大体形态学上存在差异，并且二苯胺诱发的囊性疾病与人类多囊肾的相似性高于髓质囊性肾病。
