Morgan K W, Deneris A
Planned Parenthood Association of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1997 Nov;22(11):34-6, 39-40, 45-8.
Approximately 60% of all pregnancies are unintended at the time of conception, either unwanted or mistimed. Emergency contraception (i.e., use of a birth control method after intercourse has occurred) is a preventive treatment that has been underutilized. Six brands of oral contraceptives have recently been found by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be safe and effective as emergency contraceptive pills. These pills have been shown to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy occurring by at least 74%. Treatment with emergency contraceptive pills should be initiated within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting headache, and a change in menstrual bleeding patterns. Postcoital insertion of an intrauterine device is also highly effective as a postcoital contraceptive, but only in a select group of patients at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Promotion of access to emergency contraception includes educating both patients and providers about the method and making emergency contraceptive pills available to patients even before the need arises.
大约60%的妊娠在受孕时是意外发生的，要么是意外怀孕，要么是时机不当。紧急避孕（即在性交发生后使用避孕方法）是一种未得到充分利用的预防性治疗方法。美国食品药品监督管理局最近发现，有六个品牌的口服避孕药作为紧急避孕药是安全有效的。这些药片已被证明可将怀孕几率降低至少74%。紧急避孕药应在无保护性交后72小时内开始服用。不良反应包括恶心、呕吐、头痛以及月经出血模式的改变。性交后插入宫内节育器作为性交后避孕方法也非常有效，但仅适用于性传播疾病低风险的特定患者群体。促进紧急避孕的可及性包括对患者和医疗服务提供者进行该方法的教育，并甚至在有需求之前就向患者提供紧急避孕药。
