Duration of anthelmintic efficacy of doramectin and ivermectin injectable solutions against naturally acquired nematode infections of cattle.

A comparison of persistent efficacy of doramectin injectable (D) and ivermectin injectable (I) was investigated under field conditions with treated permanent principal (PP) and interval-grazed principal (IGP) calves. The experiment was initiated on October 13, 1992 (day 0). Cattle used were crossbred beef heifers of 185 kg average weight and 8 to 10 months old. By random allotment, 66 calves were divided into two groups of 15 PP-D and PP-I calves for each treatment and two groups of 15 IGP-D and IGP-I calves for each treatment. Three extra or replacement calves were allotted for each group. Permanent principal calves in three replicates of five cattle per treatment grazed continuously on nematode-contaminated replicate pastures from day 0 to day 70. At 2-week intervals, i.e., days 0 to 14, 14 to 28, 28 to 42, 42 to 56 and 56 to 70, one IGP-D and one IGP-I calf was grazed with each of the respective PP-D and PP-I calf replicates and necropsied 21 days after removal from pasture. All respective PP calves and IGP calves were treated with doramectin at 200 micrograms kg-1 or ivermectin at 200 micrograms kg-1 by s.c. injection on day 0. After the day 0-14 interval, all IGP-D calves had zero egg counts. From the day 14-28 interval through the next three grazing intervals, the arithmetic mean egg counts of IGP-D calves were 18, 90, 281 and 31; those of IGP-I calves were 30, 226, 74 and 185. This suggested a persistence effect of approximately 2 to 4 weeks. In PP-D calves, egg counts reached a mean maximum at day 56 of only five eggs per gram, while counts of PP-I calves reached a peak of 40 on day 42. From the day 14-28 interval and through all subsequent intervals, arithmetic mean total worm counts from IGP-I calves were 58 to 73% greater than those in IGP-D tracers. A maximal total worm count of 4159 was observed in IGP-D calves of the day 42-56 interval; total worm counts in IGP-I calves from the day 14-28 interval through the day 42-56 interval were: 5420, 6739 and 9979, respectively. Haemonchus and Cooperia were higher in prevalence than Ostertagia in both treatments. Results of PP-D egg counts and total worm burdens in IGP-I calves indicated a high level of doramectin persistent activity for approximately 4 to 5 weeks and an advantage over persistence activity of ivermectin.