Gillilan L A
Am J Anat. 1976 Jul;146(3):237-53. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001460303.
The dog and cat are useful experimental animals, and information regarding their cerebrovascular patterns and the source of blood supplying their brains is important. Blood vessels to brains and heads of cats and dogs were injected with various contrast media. Extracranial and intracranial arteries were studied grossly and in cleared sections. The proximal part of the internal carotid artery is small in the dog and non-functional in the cat. The largest single source of arterial blood supplying the brains of these species comes from the maxillary artery over an anastomotic ramus leading to an internal rete mirabile enmeshed in the cavernous sinus. The distal segment of the internal carotid arises from this anastomosis. The brain-stem of both animals is supplied by C1 branches of the vertebral arteries, and in the dog an occipital ramus makes a large contribution to it. In addition to an internal rete mirabile, the cat possesses a large external rete mirabile surrounding the maxillary artery and giving rise to all branches in the area. It is functionally equivalent to the ramus anastomoticus in the dog. Arterial patterns over brains of Carnivora are similar. They resemble those of lower mammals more than those of primates. Extensive extracranial arterial anastomoses located in the orbit, retia mirabilia and neck musculature are significant and make it difficult to render the brains ischemic.
狗和猫是有用的实验动物，有关它们脑血管模式及脑供血来源的信息很重要。向猫和狗的脑及头部血管注射了各种造影剂。对颅外和颅内动脉进行了大体和透明切片研究。狗的颈内动脉近端细小，猫的则无功能。这些物种脑供血的最大单一动脉来源是上颌动脉，通过吻合支通向位于海绵窦内的一个内侧奇网。颈内动脉的远端段由此吻合处发出。两种动物的脑干均由椎动脉的C1分支供血，在狗中，枕支对其供血贡献很大。除了内侧奇网，猫还有一个围绕上颌动脉的大的外侧奇网，并发出该区域的所有分支。它在功能上等同于狗的吻合支。食肉动物脑的动脉模式相似。它们与低等哺乳动物的动脉模式比与灵长类动物的更相似。位于眼眶、奇网和颈部肌肉组织中的广泛颅外动脉吻合很重要，使得脑缺血难以实现。
