Okun M A, Keith V M
Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1998 Jan;53(1):P4-20. doi: 10.1093/geronb/53b.1.p4.
Addressing a previous gap in the gerontological literature, the present study examined the effects of both positive and negative social exchanges within key relationships (spouse, children, and other relatives/friends) on the depressive symptoms of younger (28 to 59 years old) and older (60 to 92 years old) men and women. Separate analyses were carried out on younger adults (N = 452) and older adults (N = 849) who were respondents in the Americans' Changing Lives study. In both age groups, positive and negative social exchanges with the same source were significantly (p < .001), inversely related (rs range from -.23 to -.43); and positive social exchanges exerted stronger net effects on depressive symptoms than negative social exchanges. For older adults, some buffering effects were found when negative and positive social exchanges were associated with different sources; for younger adults, buffering effects were found when negative and positive social exchanges were associated with the same source. These buffering effects were not conditioned by gender. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of taking into account the age of the recipient and the provider-recipient relationship when studying the joint influence of negative and positive social exchanges on adults' depressive symptoms.
针对老年学文献中先前存在的空白，本研究考察了关键关系（配偶、子女及其他亲属/朋友）中积极和消极社会交往对年轻（28至59岁）及年长（60至92岁）男性和女性抑郁症状的影响。对参与“美国人生活变化”研究的年轻成年人（N = 452）和年长成年人（N = 849）分别进行了分析。在两个年龄组中，与同一来源的积极和消极社会交往均呈显著负相关（p <.001），相关系数（rs）范围为-.23至-.43；且积极社会交往对抑郁症状的净效应强于消极社会交往。对于年长成年人，当消极和积极社会交往与不同来源相关时，发现了一些缓冲效应；对于年轻成年人，当消极和积极社会交往与同一来源相关时，发现了缓冲效应。这些缓冲效应不受性别的影响。本研究结果凸显了在研究消极和积极社会交往对成年人抑郁症状的共同影响时，考虑接受者年龄及提供者 - 接受者关系的重要性。
