Farag A M, Woodward D F, Goldstein J N, Brumbaugh W, Meyer J S
U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Contaminants and Research Center, Jackson Field Station, Wyoming 83001, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Feb;34(2):119-27. doi: 10.1007/s002449900295.
Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn were measured in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River to characterize the pathway of metals transfer between these components. Metals enter the CDA Basin via tributaries where mining activities have occurred. In general, the ranking of food-web components from the greatest to smallest concentrations of metals was as follows: biofilm (the layer of abiotic and biotic material on rock surfaces) and sediments > invertebrates > whole fish. Elevated Pb was documented in invertebrates, and elevated Cd and Zn were documented in sediment and biofilm approximately 80 km downstream to the Spokane River. The accumulation of metals in invertebrates was dependent on functional feeding group and shredders-scrapers that feed on biofilm accumulated the largest concentrations of metals. Although the absolute concentrations of metals were the largest in biofilm and sediments, the metals have accumulated in fish approximately 50 km downstream from Kellogg, near the town of Harrison. While metals do not biomagnify between trophic levels, the metals in the CDA Basin are bioavailable and do biotransfer. Trout less than 100 mm long feed exclusively on small invertebrates, and small invertebrates accumulate greater concentrations of metals than large invertebrates. Therefore, early-lifestage fish may be exposed to a larger dose of metals than adults.
对科达伦河（CDA）沉积物、生物膜、底栖大型无脊椎动物和鱼类中的砷、镉、铜、铅、汞和锌进行了测量，以确定这些成分之间金属转移的途径。金属通过发生过采矿活动的支流进入CDA盆地。一般来说，食物网各成分中金属浓度从高到低的排序如下：生物膜（岩石表面的非生物和生物物质层）和沉积物>无脊椎动物>整条鱼。在无脊椎动物中记录到铅含量升高，在斯波坎河下游约80公里处的沉积物和生物膜中记录到镉和锌含量升高。无脊椎动物中金属的积累取决于功能摄食组，以生物膜为食的撕食者-刮食者积累的金属浓度最高。虽然生物膜和沉积物中的金属绝对浓度最高，但在哈里森镇附近、距凯洛格下游约50公里处的鱼类中积累了金属。虽然金属在营养级之间不会生物放大，但CDA盆地中的金属具有生物可利用性且会发生生物转移。体长小于100毫米的鳟鱼仅以小型无脊椎动物为食，小型无脊椎动物积累的金属浓度高于大型无脊椎动物。因此，幼鱼可能比成鱼接触到更大剂量的金属。
