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唱诗班唱歌会导致噪声性听力损失吗?

Does choir singing cause noise-induced hearing loss?

作者信息

Steurer M, Simak S, Denk D M, Kautzky M

机构信息

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital Vienna, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.

出版信息

Audiology. 1998 Jan-Feb;37(1):38-51. doi: 10.3109/00206099809072960.

Abstract

Although health problems in musicians have been previously reported; not much is known about noise-induced hearing loss due to choir singing. However, there are data to show that peak levels of more than 110 dB SPL are produced in choir singing, and major parts of sound energy can be found below 1 kHz and even 500 Hz but not below 100 Hz. To find out about possible hearing loss due to professional choir singing, we measured the hearing threshold level of 62 choir singers in a large opera choir. Most publications about noise-induced hearing loss report that the high-frequency region is impaired most. However, in our study the low frequency region was affected most, when compared with normative data (especially ISO 7029). Control groups of women and men with normal auditory function did not show pure-tone hearing thresholds different from ISO 7029. The permanent threshold shifts at 250 Hz and above are most likely noise induced with choir singing as noise source. However, hearing losses at 125 Hz and possibly partial at 250 Hz are caused by some other effect. An (unproven) hypothesis is that singing might lead to increased endolymph pressure, and thus might cause hearing loss especially in the low-frequency region. Whether more choirs show similar hearing impairment and whether singing raises cerebrospinal fluid pressure will be the subject of further investigations.

摘要

尽管此前已有关于音乐家健康问题的报道,但对于合唱导致的噪声性听力损失却知之甚少。然而,有数据表明,合唱时产生的声压级峰值超过110 dB SPL,且大部分声能集中在1 kHz以下,甚至500 Hz以下,但不低于100 Hz。为了探究职业合唱是否可能导致听力损失,我们测量了一个大型歌剧合唱团中62名合唱歌手的听力阈值水平。大多数关于噪声性听力损失的出版物都报道高频区域受损最为严重。然而,在我们的研究中,与标准数据(尤其是ISO 7029)相比,低频区域受影响最大。听觉功能正常的男性和女性对照组的纯音听力阈值与ISO 7029并无差异。以合唱为噪声源时,250 Hz及以上频率的永久性阈值偏移很可能是由噪声引起的。然而,125 Hz的听力损失以及250 Hz可能存在的部分听力损失是由其他一些因素导致的。一个(未经证实的)假说是,唱歌可能会导致内淋巴压力升高,从而可能导致听力损失,尤其是在低频区域。更多合唱团是否会出现类似的听力损伤以及唱歌是否会升高脑脊液压力将是进一步研究的课题。

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