Mullens B A, Luhring K A, Breidenbaugh M S
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1997 Dec;13(4):398-401.
Infectivity of the mermithid nematode Heleidomermis magnapapula, a parasite of Culicoides variipennis variipennis and C. v. sonorensis in dairy wastewater pond habitats, was tested against larvae of aquatic Diptera in the laboratory. Observations were made on preparasite penetration. If the host species could be reared after parasitization, further observations determined nematode development and emergence. Genera in the families Syrphidae (Eristalis), Psychodidae (Psychoda), and Chironomidae (Tanypus), common in wastewater pond habitats, were not attacked. Larvae of Bezzia and Dasyhelea (Ceratopogonidae) also were not attacked. Larvae of Chironomus (Chironomidae) were penetrated, but rapidly encapsulated the nematodes. All Culicoides spp. exposed were readily penetrated by H. magnapapula preparasites. The nematodes successfully emerged from C. v. occidentalis. Some nematode maturation was seen in C. lahontan, and limited adult nematode emergence was seen in C. boydi and C. cacticola. No nematode development was observed in 5 other Culicoides spp. penetrated.
在实验室中，对寄生于奶牛废水池塘栖息地的变异库蠓（Culicoides variipennis variipennis）和索诺拉库蠓（C. v. sonorensis）的大乳头赫勒线虫（Heleidomermis magnapapula）进行了测试，以观察其对水生双翅目幼虫的感染力。观察了线虫前寄生阶段的穿透情况。如果宿主物种在被寄生后能够饲养，则进一步观察线虫的发育和羽化情况。在废水池塘栖息地常见的食蚜蝇科（Eristalis）、蛾蠓科（Psychoda）和摇蚊科（Tanypus）的属类未受到攻击。贝齐蠓属（Bezzia）和达斯伊蠓属（Dasyhelea）（蠓科）的幼虫也未受到攻击。摇蚊属（Chironomus）（摇蚊科）的幼虫被穿透，但很快将线虫包裹起来。所有暴露的库蠓物种都很容易被大乳头赫勒线虫的前寄生虫穿透。线虫成功地从西方库蠓（C. v. occidentalis）羽化而出。在拉洪坦库蠓（C. lahontan）中观察到了一些线虫成熟现象，在博伊德库蠓（C. boydi）和仙人掌库蠓（C. cacticola）中观察到了有限的成虫线虫羽化现象。在另外5种被穿透的库蠓物种中未观察到线虫发育。
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