Richard M P, Aguado A G, Mattina R, Marre R
Rhône DPC, Antony, France.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998 Feb;41(2):207-14. doi: 10.1093/jac/41.2.207.
A survey of resistance to sparfloxacin was carried out in ten European countries, namely Slovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, the Republic of Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Respiratory samples were collected from 4297 patients with lower respiratory tract infections and cultured for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Altogether 2101 strains were isolated and tested for their susceptibility to sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin G (S. pneumoniae) or amoxycillin (H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis). Each country tested strains using methods commonly used in that country, and with breakpoints selected based on those used in that country. Penicillin resistance in pneumococci was seen in those countries in which it had been reported previously, namely Spain, France and Hungary. Only four strains of pneumococci were resistant to sparfloxacin (MIC > or = 2 mg/L), while ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were isolated more frequently, particularly in the Republic of Ireland and Hungary. Almost all of the strains of H. influenzae tested were resistant to erythromycin, (MIC50 > or = 4 mg/L), but all strains were highly sensitive to sparfloxacin (MIC90 < or = 0.06 mg/L). The number of strains of H. influenzae producing beta-lactamase varied between countries, whereas most strains of M. catarrhalis produced beta-lactamase. In M. catarrhalis, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance was rare, but sensitivity to amoxycillin varied. Sparfloxacin was particularly active against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, and was the most active compound tested. Overall, the activity of sparfloxacin was greater than that of ciprofloxacin against all three pathogens, and resistance to it was rare.
在十个欧洲国家开展了一项针对司帕沙星耐药性的调查，这十个国家分别是斯洛伐克、法国、德国、英国、匈牙利、爱尔兰共和国、意大利、荷兰、葡萄牙和西班牙。从4297例下呼吸道感染患者中采集呼吸道样本，培养以检测肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌的存在情况。共分离出2101株菌株，并检测它们对司帕沙星、环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素以及青霉素G（肺炎链球菌）或阿莫西林（流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌）的敏感性。每个国家都使用本国常用的方法检测菌株，并根据本国使用的标准选择断点值。在之前已报告有青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌的国家，即西班牙、法国和匈牙利，发现了此类情况。仅4株肺炎链球菌对司帕沙星耐药（MIC≥2mg/L），而分离出的环丙沙星耐药菌株更为常见，尤其是在爱尔兰共和国和匈牙利。几乎所有检测的流感嗜血杆菌菌株对红霉素耐药（MIC50≥4mg/L），但所有菌株对司帕沙星高度敏感（MIC90≤0.06mg/L）。不同国家产生β-内酰胺酶的流感嗜血杆菌菌株数量有所不同，而大多数卡他莫拉菌菌株产生β-内酰胺酶。在卡他莫拉菌中，对红霉素和四环素耐药的情况罕见，但对阿莫西林的敏感性存在差异。司帕沙星对流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌特别有效，是所检测的化合物中活性最强的。总体而言，司帕沙星对所有三种病原体的活性均强于环丙沙星，且对其耐药的情况罕见。
