Intra-arterial infusion: overview and novel approaches.

Intra-arterial infusion includes a variety of treatment modalities, adjusted selectively to chemosensitivity and vascularization. For most drugs, response behaviour of different tumors is concentration dependent and requires improved modes of application of cytotoxics. In the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, blood flow reduction by micro-embolization with starch microspheres has brought significant advantage in response. Balloon stopflow infusion combined with micro-embolization induced 83% complete remissions in a study including 100 patients with locally recurrent breast cancer. Stepwise increased local exposure demonstrated concentration-dependent response. Stopflow infusion of the celiac axis combined with microspheres for advanced Stage III and IV pancreatic cancer induced a 96% remission rate (n = 24 patients) at a median survival of 10 months. This was confirmed in a series of consecutive studies including 242 patients. Quality of life was significantly improved in all responding patients. Overall pain response was 80%. A prospective randomized trial in this patient group, comparing systemic vs. regional chemotherapy in the form of intra-arterial infusion with tumor adjusted concentrations, was stopped in an early phase because median survival time was significantly prolonged (P = 0.001) in the arterial group.